Description: Placenta growth factor (PGF, also known as PLGF) codes for an angiogenic factor expressed in placental tissue that is similar to vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (VPF/VEGF). It is a glycosylated dimeric secreted protein able to stimulate endothelial cell growth in vitro. PGF is located on chromosome 14 and has been conserved in evolution. It belongs to the family of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and binds to the flt-1 VEGF receptor. PLGF-2, which is a PLGF isoform, binds neuropilin-1 and 2 in a heparin-dependent manner. PGF regulates inter- and intra molecular cross talk between the VEGF RTKs Flt1 and Flk1 and stimulates the phosphorylation of specific Flt1 tyrosine residues and the expression of distinct downstream target genes. Moreover, it plays an important role in pathological angiogenic events and with exerting its biological activities through binding to VEGFR1.

Description: Placental growth factor (PGF, also known as PLGF) codes for an angiogenic factor expressed in placental tissue that is similar to vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (VPF/VEGF). It is a glycosylated dimeric secreted protein able to stimulate endothelial cell growth in vitro. PGF is located on chromosome 14 and has been conserved in evolution. It belongs to the family of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and binds to the flt-1 VEGF receptor. PLGF-2, which is a PLGF isoform, binds neuropilin-1 and 2 in a heparin-dependent manner. PGF regulates inter- and intra molecular cross talk between the VEGF RTKs Flt1 and Flk1 and stimulates the phosphorylation of specific Flt1 tyrosine residues and the expression of distinct downstream target genes. Moreover, it plays an important role in pathological angiogenic events and with exerting its biological activities through binding to VEGFR1.

Description: The onset of angiogenesis is believed to be an early event in tumorigenesis and may facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Several growth factors with angiogenic activity have been described. These include Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Placenta Growth Factor (PLGF). Placenta growth factor (PLGF) is a secreted protein primarily produced by placental trophoblasts but also expressed in other endothelial cells and tumors. There are three isoforms, PLGF-1, PLGF-2, and PLGF-3. PLGF-2 is expressed up until week 8 in the placenta; the placental tissues continuously express PLGF-1 and PLGF-3 but only PLGF-1 is found in colon and mammary carcinomas. PLGF acts to stimulate angiogenesis, endothelial growth and migration. PLGF is a powerful promoter of tumor growth and is upregulated in some cancers, and PLGF is thought to aid in atherosclerotic lesions and neovascular growth surrounding the lesion. Also, PLGF appears to aid aldosterone mediated atherosclerosis. Serum levels of PLGF in some cases are used as a potential biomarker for disease or genetic defect. Recent research indicates that PLGF levels are lower in mothers with Down syndrome fetuses. Evidence has suggested VEGF to be an obligatory component in PLGF signaling. While VEGF homodimers and VEGF/PLGF heterodimers function as potent mediators of mitogenic and chemotactic responses in endothelial cells, PLGF homodimers are effectual only at extremely high concentrations. Indeed, many of the physiological effects attributed to VEGF may actually be a result of VEGF/PLGF. VEGF and PLGF share a common receptor, Flt-1, and may also activate Flk-1/KDR.

Description: The onset of angiogenesis is believed to be an early event in tumorigenesis and may facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Several growth factors with angiogenic activity have been described. These include Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Placenta Growth Factor (PLGF). Placenta growth factor (PLGF) is a secreted protein primarily produced by placental trophoblasts but also expressed in other endothelial cells and tumors. There are three isoforms, PLGF-1, PLGF-2, and PLGF-3. PLGF-2 is expressed up until week 8 in the placenta; the placental tissues continuously express PLGF-1 and PLGF-3 but only PLGF-1 is found in colon and mammary carcinomas. PLGF acts to stimulate angiogenesis, endothelial growth and migration. PLGF is a powerful promoter of tumor growth and is upregulated in some cancers, and PLGF is thought to aid in atherosclerotic lesions and neovascular growth surrounding the lesion. Also, PLGF appears to aid aldosterone mediated atherosclerosis. Serum levels of PLGF in some cases are used as a potential biomarker for disease or genetic defect. Recent research indicates that PLGF levels are lower in mothers with Down syndrome fetuses. Evidence has suggested VEGF to be an obligatory component in PLGF signaling. While VEGF homodimers and VEGF/PLGF heterodimers function as potent mediators of mitogenic and chemotactic responses in endothelial cells, PLGF homodimers are effectual only at extremely high concentrations. Indeed, many of the physiological effects attributed to VEGF may actually be a result of VEGF/PLGF. VEGF and PLGF share a common receptor, Flt-1, and may also activate Flk-1/KDR.

Description: The onset of angiogenesis is believed to be an early event in tumorigenesis and may facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Several growth factors with angiogenic activity have been described. These include Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Placenta Growth Factor (PLGF). Placenta growth factor (PLGF) is a secreted protein primarily produced by placental trophoblasts but also expressed in other endothelial cells and tumors. There are three isoforms, PLGF-1, PLGF-2, and PLGF-3. PLGF-2 is expressed up until week 8 in the placenta; the placental tissues continuously express PLGF-1 and PLGF-3 but only PLGF-1 is found in colon and mammary carcinomas. PLGF acts to stimulate angiogenesis, endothelial growth and migration. PLGF is a powerful promoter of tumor growth and is upregulated in some cancers, and PLGF is thought to aid in atherosclerotic lesions and neovascular growth surrounding the lesion. Also, PLGF appears to aid aldosterone mediated atherosclerosis. Serum levels of PLGF in some cases are used as a potential biomarker for disease or genetic defect. Recent research indicates that PLGF levels are lower in mothers with Down syndrome fetuses. Evidence has suggested VEGF to be an obligatory component in PLGF signaling. While VEGF homodimers and VEGF/PLGF heterodimers function as potent mediators of mitogenic and chemotactic responses in endothelial cells, PLGF homodimers are effectual only at extremely high concentrations. Indeed, many of the physiological effects attributed to VEGF may actually be a result of VEGF/PLGF. VEGF and PLGF share a common receptor, Flt-1, and may also activate Flk-1/KDR.

Description: The onset of angiogenesis is believed to be an early event in tumorigenesis and may facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Several growth factors with angiogenic activity have been described. These include fibroblast-, platelet derived-, vascular endothelial- and placenta- growth factor (PLGF). Like vascular endothelial growth factor, several PLGF variants have been shown to arise from alternative mRNA splicings. Evidence has suggested VEGF to be an obligatory component in PLGF signaling. While VEGF homodimers and VEGF/PLGF heterodimers function as potent mediators of mitogenic and chemotactic responses in endothelial cells, PLGF homodimers are effectual only at extremely high concentrations. Indeed, many of the physiological effects attributed to VEGF may actually be a result of VEGF/PLGF. VEGF and PLGF share a common receptor, Flt-1, and may also activate Flk-1/KDR.

Description: The onset of angiogenesis is believed to be an early event in tumorigenesis and may facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Several growth factors with angiogenic activity have been described. These include fibroblast-, platelet derived-, vascular endothelial- and placenta- growth factor (PLGF). Like vascular endothelial growth factor, several PLGF variants have been shown to arise from alternative mRNA splicings. Evidence has suggested VEGF to be an obligatory component in PLGF signaling. While VEGF homodimers and VEGF/PLGF heterodimers function as potent mediators of mitogenic and chemotactic responses in endothelial cells, PLGF homodimers are effectual only at extremely high concentrations. Indeed, many of the physiological effects attributed to VEGF may actually be a result of VEGF/PLGF. VEGF and PLGF share a common receptor, Flt-1, and may also activate Flk-1/KDR.

Description: The onset of angiogenesis is believed to be an early event in tumorigenesis and may facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Several growth factors with angiogenic activity have been described. These include fibroblast-, platelet derived-, vascular endothelial- and placenta- growth factor (PLGF). Like vascular endothelial growth factor, several PLGF variants have been shown to arise from alternative mRNA splicings. Evidence has suggested VEGF to be an obligatory component in PLGF signaling. While VEGF homodimers and VEGF/PLGF heterodimers function as potent mediators of mitogenic and chemotactic responses in endothelial cells, PLGF homodimers are effectual only at extremely high concentrations. Indeed, many of the physiological effects attributed to VEGF may actually be a result of VEGF/PLGF. VEGF and PLGF share a common receptor, Flt-1, and may also activate Flk-1/KDR.

Description: By microarray assay to search for mouse genes enriched in placenta, Plac9 was identified as a placenta-enriched gene expressed in mouse 16-cell morula cDNA. By database analysis, human PLAC9, which encodes a deduced 97-amino acid protein, was identified. The deduced 108-amino acid mouse protein has a predicted signal peptide, a coiled-coil domain, and shares 73% identity with human PLAC9. Northern blot analysis of mouse placenta and embryo RNA at 12.5 and 18.5 days postcoitum (dpc) detected predominant expression in placenta.